使用Python创建一个功能完整的Windows风格计算器程序用python创

Python实现Windows体系计算器程序（含高质量功能）

下面我将介绍怎样使用Python创建一个功能完整的Windows风格计算器程序，包含基本运算和高质量数学功能。

1. 使用Tkinter实现基础计算器

import tkinter as tkfrom tkinter import ttkimport math class Calculator: def __init__(self, root): self.root = root self.root.title(“高质量计算器”) self.root.geometry(“400×550”) self.root.resizable(False, False) 当前输入和结局 self.current_input = “” self.previous_input = “” self.operation = None self.reset_input = False 创建界面 self.create_widgets() def create_widgets(self): 显示框 self.display_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root) self.display_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, padx=10, pady=10) self.expression_var = tk.StringVar() self.expression_label = ttk.Label( self.display_frame, textvariable=self.expression_var, font=(“Arial”, 18), anchor=tk.E ) self.expression_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) self.result_var = tk.StringVar() self.result_label = ttk.Label( self.display_frame, textvariable=self.result_var, font=(“Arial”, 28, “bold”), anchor=tk.E, foreground=”blue” ) self.result_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) 按钮框架 self.buttons_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root) self.buttons_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) 按钮布局 buttons = [ (“C”, 0, 0, “FF9500”, self.clear_all), (“?”, 0, 1, “FF9500”, self.delete_last), (“÷”, 0, 2, “FF9500”, lambda: self.add_operation(“/”)), (“×”, 0, 3, “FF9500”, lambda: self.add_operation(“*”)), (“7”, 1, 0, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“7”)), (“8”, 1, 1, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“8”)), (“9”, 1, 2, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“9”)), (“-“, 1, 3, “FF9500”, lambda: self.add_operation(“-“)), (“4”, 2, 0, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“4”)), (“5”, 2, 1, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“5”)), (“6”, 2, 2, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“6”)), (“+”, 2, 3, “FF9500”, lambda: self.add_operation(“+”)), (“1”, 3, 0, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“1”)), (“2”, 3, 1, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“2”)), (“3”, 3, 2, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“3”)), (“=”, 3, 3, “4CD964”, self.calculate), (“0”, 4, 0, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“0”)), (“.”, 4, 1, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“.”)), (“(“, 4, 2, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“(“)), (“)”, 4, 3, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“)”)), 高质量功能按钮 (“sin”, 5, 0, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.sin(“)), (“cos”, 5, 1, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.cos(“)), (“tan”, 5, 2, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.tan(“)), (“log”, 5, 3, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.log10(“)), (“√”, 6, 0, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.sqrt(“)), (“x2”, 6, 1, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_operation(“2”)), (“x3”, 6, 2, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_operation(“3”)), (“π”, 6, 3, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_number(str(math.pi))), (“e”, 7, 0, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_number(str(math.e))), (“x^y”, 7, 1, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_operation(“”)), (“(“, 7, 2, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“(“)), (“)”, 7, 3, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“)”)), (“Ans”, 8, 0, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_number(str(self.previous_result))), (“1/x”, 8, 1, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“1/(” + self.current_input + “)”)), (“n!”, 8, 2, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.factorial(int(” + self.current_input + “))” if self.current_input.isdigit() else “”)), (“(“, 8, 3, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“(“)), ] 创建按钮 for (text, row, col, color, command) in buttons: button = ttk.Button( self.buttons_frame, text=text, command=command ) if text.isdigit() or text in [“.”, “+”, “-“, “*”, “/”, “(“, “)”, “^”]: button.configure(style=”Number.TButton”) elif text in [“sin”, “cos”, “tan”, “log”, “√”, “x2”, “x3”, “Ans”, “1/x”, “n!”]: button.configure(style=”Function.TButton”) else: button.configure(style=”Operator.TButton”) button.grid(row=row, column=col, sticky=”nsew”, padx=5, pady=5) 配置网格权重 self.buttons_frame.grid_rowconfigure(row, weight=1) self.buttons_frame.grid_columnconfigure(col, weight=1) 设置按钮样式 style = ttk.Style() style.configure(“TButton”, font=(“Arial”, 14)) style.map(“TButton”, foreground=[(‘pressed’, ‘white’), (‘active’, ‘007AFF’)], background=[(‘pressed’, ‘007AFF’), (‘active’, ‘007AFF’)], relief=[(‘pressed’, ‘flat’), (‘active’, ‘flat’)]) style.configure(“Number.TButton”, background=”F2F2F7″) style.configure(“Operator.TButton”, background=”FF9500″, foreground=”white”) style.configure(“Function.TButton”, background=”5856D6″, foreground=”white”) 计算结局变量 self.previous_result = 0 def add_number(self, number): if self.reset_input: self.current_input = “” self.reset_input = False if number == “.” and “.” in self.current_input: return self.current_input += number self.expression_var.set(self.current_input) def add_operation(self, operation): if self.current_input == “” and self.previous_input == “”: return if self.previous_input: self.calculate() self.operation = operation else: self.operation = operation self.previous_input = self.current_input self.current_input = “” self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input + ” ” + operation) def add_function(self, function): if self.reset_input: self.current_input = “” self.reset_input = False 检查是否需要添加括号 if not (self.current_input.endswith(“)”) or self.current_input == “”): self.current_input += “)” self.current_input += function if not self.current_input.endswith(“)”): self.current_input += “(” self.expression_var.set(self.current_input) def clear_all(self): self.current_input = “” self.previous_input = “” self.operation = None self.reset_input = False self.expression_var.set(“”) self.result_var.set(“”) def delete_last(self): if self.current_input: self.current_input = self.current_input[:-1] self.expression_var.set(self.current_input if self.current_input else “”) elif self.previous_input: self.previous_input = self.previous_input[:-1] self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input if self.previous_input else “”) def calculate(self): try: 替换x为*用于计算 expression = self.current_input.replace(“^”, “”) 处理独特函数 if “sin(” in expression: expression = expression.replace(“sin(“, “math.sin(“) if “cos(” in expression: expression = expression.replace(“cos(“, “math.cos(“) if “tan(” in expression: expression = expression.replace(“tan(“, “math.tan(“) if “log(” in expression: expression = expression.replace(“log(“, “math.log10(“) if “√(” in expression: expression = expression.replace(“√(“, “math.sqrt(“) result = eval(expression, “math”: math}) self.previous_input = str(result) self.current_input = str(result) self.expression_var.set(str(result)) self.result_var.set(“=” + str(result)) self.previous_result = result self.reset_input = True except Exception as e: self.expression_var.set(“错误”) self.result_var.set(“”) self.current_input = “” self.previous_input = “” self.reset_input = False @property def current_input(self): return self._current_input @current_input.setter def current_input(self, value): self._current_input = value 创建主窗口并运行计算器if __name__ == “__main__”: import math root = tk.Tk() calculator = Calculator(root) 添加自定义样式 style = ttk.Style() style.theme_use(‘clam’) root.mainloop()

2. 高质量功能实现

2.1 科学计算功能

上述代码已经实现了下面内容高质量功能：

三角函数：sin, cos, tan
对数函数：log10
平方根：√
幂运算：x², x³, x^y
常数：π, e
阶乘：n!
反函数：1/x

2.2 历史记录功能（扩展）

要添加历史记录功能，可以修改代码如下：

class Calculator: def __init__(self, root): … 其他初始化代码 … self.history = [] 存储计算历史 def calculate(self): try: … 计算代码 … 添加到历史记录 if self.previous_input and self.operation and self.current_input: expression = f”self.previous_input} self.operation} self.current_input}” self.history.append((expression, str(result))) if len(self.history) > 10: 限制历史记录数量 self.history.pop(0) … 其他代码 … except Exception as e: … 错误处理代码 … def show_history(self): 创建新窗口显示历史记录 history_window = tk.Toplevel(self.root) history_window.title(“计算历史”) history_window.geometry(“350×400”) history_text = tk.Text(history_window, font=(“Arial”, 12)) history_text.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10) for expr, res in self.history: history_text.insert(tk.END, f”expr} = res}n”) history_text.config(state=tk.DISABLED)

2.3 图形绘制功能（扩展）

要添加函数图形绘制功能，可以使用matplotlib：

import matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg class Calculator: … 其他代码 … def plot_function(self): function_window = tk.Toplevel(self.root) function_window.title(“函数绘图”) function_window.geometry(“600×500″) 创建输入框 input_frame = ttk.Frame(function_window) input_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=10, pady=10) ttk.Label(input_frame, text=”输入函数 (使用x作为变量):”).pack(side=tk.LEFT) function_entry = ttk.Entry(input_frame, width=30) function_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) function_entry.insert(0, “math.sin(x)”) 默认函数创建绘图区域 fig_frame = ttk.Frame(function_window) fig_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10) fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 5)) canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=fig_frame) canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) 绘制按钮 def draw_plot(): try: func_str = function_entry.get() x = np.linspace(-10, 10, 400) y = eval(func_str, “math”: math, “x”: x, “np”: np}) ax.clear() ax.plot(x, y) ax.set_title(f”y = func_str}”) ax.grid(True) canvas.draw() except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror(“错误”, f”无法绘制函数: str(e)}”) ttk.Button(function_window, text=”绘制”, command=draw_plot).pack(pady=5)

3. 完整功能整合

将上述功能整合到一个完整的计算器程序中：

import tkinter as tkfrom tkinter import ttk, messageboximport mathimport numpy as np class AdvancedCalculator: def __init__(self, root): self.root = root self.root.title(“高质量科学计算器”) self.root.geometry(“500×650”) self.root.resizable(False, False) self.current_input = “” self.previous_input = “” self.operation = None self.reset_input = False self.history = [] self.create_widgets() def create_widgets(self): 显示框 self.display_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root) self.display_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, padx=10, pady=10) self.expression_var = tk.StringVar() self.expression_label = ttk.Label( self.display_frame, textvariable=self.expression_var, font=(“Arial”, 14), anchor=tk.E ) self.expression_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) self.result_var = tk.StringVar() self.result_label = ttk.Label( self.display_frame, textvariable=self.result_var, font=(“Arial”, 24, “bold”), anchor=tk.E, foreground=”blue” ) self.result_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) 按钮框架 self.buttons_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root) self.buttons_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) 按钮布局 buttons = [ 第一行 (“C”, 0, 0, “FF9500”, self.clear_all), (“?”, 0, 1, “FF9500”, self.delete_last), (“÷”, 0, 2, “FF9500”, lambda: self.add_operation(“/”)), (“×”, 0, 3, “FF9500”, lambda: self.add_operation(“*”)), 第二行 (“7”, 1, 0, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“7”)), (“8”, 1, 1, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“8”)), (“9”, 1, 2, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“9”)), (“-“, 1, 3, “FF9500”, lambda: self.add_operation(“-“)), 第三行 (“4”, 2, 0, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“4”)), (“5”, 2, 1, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“5”)), (“6”, 2, 2, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“6”)), (“+”, 2, 3, “FF9500”, lambda: self.add_operation(“+”)), 第四行 (“1”, 3, 0, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“1”)), (“2”, 3, 1, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“2”)), (“3”, 3, 2, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“3”)), (“=”, 3, 3, “4CD964”, self.calculate), 第五行 (“0”, 4, 0, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“0”)), (“.”, 4, 1, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“.”)), (“(“, 4, 2, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“(“)), (“)”, 4, 3, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“)”)), 第六行 – 高质量功能 (“sin”, 5, 0, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.sin(“)), (“cos”, 5, 1, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.cos(“)), (“tan”, 5, 2, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.tan(“)), (“log”, 5, 3, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.log10(“)), 第七行 (“√”, 6, 0, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.sqrt(“)), (“x2”, 6, 1, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_operation(“2”)), (“x3”, 6, 2, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_operation(“3”)), (“π”, 6, 3, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_number(str(math.pi))), 第八行 (“e”, 7, 0, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_number(str(math.e))), (“x^y”, 7, 1, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_operation(“”)), (“(“, 7, 2, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“(“)), (“)”, 7, 3, “333333”, lambda: self.add_number(“)”)), 第九行 (“Ans”, 8, 0, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_number(str(self.previous_result))), (“1/x”, 8, 1, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“1/(” + self.current_input + “)”)), (“n!”, 8, 2, “5856D6”, lambda: self.add_function(“math.factorial(int(” + self.current_input + “))” if self.current_input.isdigit() else “”)), (“Hist”, 8, 3, “5856D6”, self.show_history), ] 创建按钮 for (text, row, col, color, command) in buttons: button = ttk.Button( self.buttons_frame, text=text, command=command ) if text.isdigit() or text in [“.”, “+”, “-“, “*”, “/”, “(“, “)”, “^”]: button.configure(style=”Number.TButton”) elif text in [“sin”, “cos”, “tan”, “log”, “√”, “x2”, “x3”, “Ans”, “1/x”, “n!”]: button.configure(style=”Function.TButton”) elif text in [“Hist”]: button.configure(style=”History.TButton”) else: button.configure(style=”Operator.TButton”) button.grid(row=row, column=col, sticky=”nsew”, padx=5, pady=5) 配置网格权重 self.buttons_frame.grid_rowconfigure(row, weight=1) self.buttons_frame.grid_columnconfigure(col, weight=1) 设置按钮样式 style = ttk.Style() style.configure(“TButton”, font=(“Arial”, 14)) style.map(“TButton”, foreground=[(‘pressed’, ‘white’), (‘active’, ‘007AFF’)], background=[(‘pressed’, ‘007AFF’), (‘active’, ‘007AFF’)], relief=[(‘pressed’, ‘flat’), (‘active’, ‘flat’)]) style.configure(“Number.TButton”, background=”F2F2F7″) style.configure(“Operator.TButton”, background=”FF9500″, foreground=”white”) style.configure(“Function.TButton”, background=”5856D6″, foreground=”white”) style.configure(“History.TButton”, background=”8E8E93″, foreground=”white”) 计算结局变量 self.previous_result = 0 def add_number(self, number): if self.reset_input: self.current_input = “” self.reset_input = False if number == “.” and “.” in self.current_input: return self.current_input += number self.expression_var.set(self.current_input) def add_operation(self, operation): if self.current_input == “” and self.previous_input == “”: return if self.previous_input: self.calculate() self.operation = operation else: self.operation = operation self.previous_input = self.current_input self.current_input = “” self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input + ” ” + operation) def add_function(self, function): if self.reset_input: self.current_input = “” self.reset_input = False 检查是否需要添加括号 if not (self.current_input.endswith(“)”) or self.current_input == “”): self.current_input += “)” self.current_input += function if not self.current_input.endswith(“)”): self.current_input += “(” self.expression_var.set(self.current_input) def clear_all(self): self.current_input = “” self.previous_input = “” self.operation = None self.r

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